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2 SheetsSheet 1.

(No Model.)

A. L. BIKER. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 389,011. Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

N. PETERS. Phfllo-hlhogriphcr. Wuhmghm. D. c.

(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2.

A. L. BIKER.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 389,011. Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

FIG-||- UNITED STATES PATENT tries.

ANDREW L. BIKER, OF NEI/V YORK, N. Y.

DYNAMO-ELECTRiC WiACi-HNE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 389,011, dated Eepteznber a, 1888.

Application filed January 19,1888. Serial No. 201,275. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that 1, ANDREW L. BIKE-E, of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Dynamo Electric Machines, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification.

This invention relates more particularly to dynamo-electrical machines for use as motors or as generators, and has for its object mainly to secure economy and simplicity of construction without the sacrifice of efficiency.

It consists in certain new or improved constructions and combinations of parts in the commutator, and also in the machine-frame, which latter is composed of the field-magnets and the bearings for the armature and com mutator or collector.

It will be most convenient to explain these improvements in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, and which represent a dynamoelectrical machine constructed in accordance with the invention.

Figure I is an end View of such a machine, partly broken away to exhibit the construction of the field-bobbins; Fig. II, a face View of the same machine, and Fig. Ill an axial section of the commutator.

The armature A may be of any ordinary or suitable construction, but is preferably such as described in my application of Novemberl, 1887, for an electric motor. One of that type is shown, flat coils 1 being wound in the gaps between the teeth 2. The commutator Bis built up on a sleeve, 8, so that after it is made it can he slipped on the shaft 0 of the arma ture.

At one end of the sleeve 3 is a flange, I, and at the opposite end a nut, 5. On the sleeve 3 is a tube, 6, of insulating mater-a1, around which the commutator-strips 7 are arranged, with interposed insulating material, as customary. They are confined between the flanged head 8 of the tube 6 and the flanged head 9, which is held in place by the nut 5; The head 9 may be of insulating material, or it may be of metal, if suitably insulated from the strips 7.

Each strip has an arm, 10, which projects between the flat coils 1 of the armature and is attached to the wire 22 as it passes from one coil to the next. It may be soldered to said wire, or may more conveniently be clamped. A clamp, 12, with a set-screw, 13, is shown in Fig. I at one of the joints for the purpose, the arm 10 being inserted preferably in a bend in the fiat wire.

The field-magnets have soft or wrought iron cores D, and the yoke E (a double yoke, as shown) is cast to said cores, leaving space for the armature between the members of said yoke. The bearings for the armatureshaft are formed in the yoke, so that it constitutes a magnetic and mechanical connection between the cores and also supports for the armature and commutator. This construction can be used with any suitable armature and commutator, and can be embodied in various forms of machine. It has greatpracticaladvantages. The parts are solidly as well as cheaply connected together, and perfect alignment of the two shaft-bearings can be easily secured by boring them at one operation.

Some of the advantages of the new or improved construction can be secured by having a single yoke cast on the cores, and either using a single hearing or bearings on one side only for the armatureshaft, (in case of very small machines, for example,) or having the bearing for the opposite end of the armatureshaft of another construction; but the double yoke with the armatures in the intermediate space which gives thetwo bcaringson opposite sides of the armature solidly fastened together is far superior and is specially included in the invention. It is preferred, also, to place the commutator 13 between the members of the yoke E; but machines with commutators outside the shaft-bearings are known, and the improvement is of course applicable to them. It is also applicable to alternating-current machines.

In order that the double yokcinay be better adapted to receive the armature and its shaft, the portion 1a of the bearings is made integral with (or, in other words, is formed by) the yoke E, and the portion 15 consists of a cap-piece bolted or otherwise fastened to said yoke after the armature-shaftis in place. .Vhen the cappieces are off, the shaft can be readily let into the bearings. In order that the pole-pieces ICO F may not interfere with the operation, one at least of them is detachable, or is bolted to its core, so that it can be attached after the introduction of the armature. Preferably both pole-pieces are bolted on, as it enables the conductor 16 of the exciting-circuit to be wound upon a sleeve, 17, which is then slipped on the core D. This is a weltknown way of providing eleetro-magnets with an exciting-circuit, and is included in the invention only in connection with other features, as hereinafter particularly pointed out. The cores D might be provided with an exciting-coil in any suitable way.

As already stated,theim proved construct ion of frame can be embodied in machines of various forms. tis, however, especially intended to employ it in machines having the field-magnet cores arranged on opposite sides of the periphery of the armature, with their axes at right angles to the armatures axis, and also to have the yoke extend obliquely from one core to the other, as shown in Fig. I, so as to give a Z shape to the machine in end view, the pole-pieces being at the opposite ends of the two cores, and this employment and the oblique arrangement of the yoke constitute special features of invention. The general 2- shaped frame is also a part of the invention, irrespective of the manner of connecting (that is, by casting or otherwise) the oblique yoke with the cores.

The cores may be provided with pole-pieces of any suitable form; but it is preferred to have them claw-shaped-that is, curved on the outside as well as on the inside or sides adjacent to the armature, and diminishing in depth or thickness from the base, where they are bolted to the cores, to their outer ends. This form is considered to give a more even and dense field.

The commutator-brushes G may be supported by any ordinary or suitable means; but, as shown, they are attached to lateral projections 18 of a bar, 19, journaled on a boss, 20, on the inside of one member of the yoke E. The yoke E has been described as being bored to receive the armature-shaft, and this constitutes aspecial feature of invention; but the shaft-bearings might be fastened to the yoke in any suitable way.

AtHisa pulley for conveying power to or receiving it from the shaft.

As shown, the cores of the field-magnets are placed upright,with the pole-pieces at the top of one and the bottom of the other, and they are placed on a base, I, of non-magnetic material, which is bolted to the bottom pole-piece and to the lower end of the yoke E. The polepicces F are preferably arranged off to one side, rather than directly over and under the armature,so as to make the machine more compact. This arrangement makes them approximately parallel to the yoke E.

A non-magnetic c0nnecting-bar,K,joins the upper pole-piece and the top of the yoke E, so as to give greater stiffness to the machine.

I claim as my invention or discovery-- 1. The commutator composed of, first, a sleeve with a flange at one end and a nut at the other end; second,a tube of insulating material, with a flanged head at one end; third, a flanged head separate from said tube at the opposite end thereof, and, fourth, a series of commutatorstrips arranged around said tube, with their ends inserted under the flanges on said heads, said tube with said separate head being confined between the nut and the flange on said sleeve, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with an armature having aseries of distinct coils wound on a toothed core, of a commutator built upon a sleeve which is slipped over the armature-shaft, and having for each commutatorstrip an arm projecting radially between said coils, so that the said coils prevent the commutator from turning on said shaft by contact with the said arms, the latter being also electricallyconnected with the wire composing said coils, substantially as described.

3. The field-magnets having a connectingyoke of magnetic material cast on the ends of soft or wrought iron cores and bored for journal-bearings, in combination with an armature having its shaft journaled in said bearings, substantially as described.

at. The field-magnets having a double connecting yoke of magnetic material cast on soft or wrought iron cores, leaving an armature-space between the members of said yoke, in combination with an armature set in said space and supported by said yoke in bearings bored in line with each other through the two members of said yoke, substantially as described.

5. The fieldmagnets having a double magnetic connecting-yoke with an armature-space between the members thereof and provided with pole-pieces opposite said space, of which polepieces one at least is detachable, said yoke beingprovided with capped journal'bearings for the armature-shalt, substantially as described.

6. The field-magnets composed of soft-iron cores, 2.- connecting-yoke of magnetic material cast on said cores, detachable pole-pieces to said cores, and bobbins wound upon sleeves and slipped on said cores between the yoke and the pole-pieces, substantially as described.

7. In combination with an armature, the field-magnets composed of cores arranged on opposite sides of the periphery of the armature, with their axes at right angles to the armatures axis, and a connecting magnetic yoke, especially a double yoke, cast to said cores and extending diametrically across the armature, whose shaft is supported by said yoke, the latter being bowed in the direction of the length of said shaft, so as to pass around the armature, substantially as described.

8. The Z field-magnets composed of the cores with an exeitingcoil surrounding each, the obliquely-disposed magnetic connectingyoke connecting together the ends of said cores beyond said coils, and the pole-pieces on the opposite ends of said cores, substantially as de scribed.

9. The combination, with an armature, of the pole-pieces at diametrically-opposite points of the periphery of said armature, the cores arranged on opposite sides of the periphery and extending from said pole'pieces in opposite directions, the exciting-coils surrounding said cores,and the obliquely-disposed magnetic yoke connecting the opposite ends of said cores with each other and supporting the shaft of the said armature, substantially as described.

10. The Z field-magnets composed of the soft or wrought iron cores and the obliquely-disposed double magnetic yoke cast on said cores, in combination with the armature set in the space between the members of said yoke and having its shaft journaled in bearings of the same, substantially as described.

11. In combination with an armature, the Z field-magnets provided With the elawshaped pole-pieces, substantially as described.

12. The field-magnet composed of parallel 2 cores,an obliquely-disposed magnetic connecting-yoke, and pole-piece arranged approximately parallel with said yoke on opposite sides of the armatnrespacc, substantially as described.

13. The field magnets having upright cores with pole-pieces at the top of one core and the bottom of the other core and an obliquely-disposed yoke connecting the opposite ends of said cores, in connection with a non-magnetic base fastened to the bottom pole-piece and to the lower end of the yoke, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subseribo ing witnesses.

ANDREW L. RlKER.

Witnesses:

O. J. HEDRIcK, E. L. XVHITE. 

